Increases in species diversity

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Increases in species diversity arise because of

A)increases in the rate of speciation.

B)decreases in the rate of extinction.

C)higher rates of speciation than extinction.

D)All of the above

The rates of extinction since the origin of life have followed which pattern?

A)Gradual decrease

B)Gradual increase

C)No change

D)Several episodes of mass extinctions, with much lower rates of fluctuating extinctions in between

Which of the following statements about the outcome of the evolution of a new species through hybridization is false?

A)The new species is always an intermediate of the two parent species.

B)The new species may have traits that allow it to inhabit environments different from both parental species.

C)The new species may have greater genetic diversity and therefore greater trait diversity than the parental species.

D)All of the above

How can ecological processes influence the evolution of a population?

A)Ecological interactions create new alleles, facilitating evolutionary change in populations.

B)Ecological interactions may induce selective pressures on organisms, leading to evolutionary change.

C)Trade-offs between different traits may affect the evolutionary response of an organism to environmental change.

D)Both b and c

Which of the following is an example of an evolutionary change in a population that influences an ecological process?

A)Selection for increased protective chemicals that decreases herbivore damage to leaves also leads to changes in soil chemistry that influences nutrient cycling rates.

B)Low light levels induce a plant to produce larger, thinner leaves that subsequently influence feeding rates of insect herbivores.

C)A severe drought causes plants to drop their leaves, leading to increased mortality in deer.

D)An early season freeze kills populations of pollinators, lowering the production of seeds in flowering plants.

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