1. Briefly describe the principle of “critical reasoning” in ethics. What intellectual  commitments does it involve? What are its advantages? What are its disadvantages?

2. Describe the “Divine Command Theory.” How does it attempt to base morality on religion? What are its advantages? What are the flaws of the theory?  How does the so-called “Euthyphro question” reveal these flaws? 

3. What is the “Natural Law Theory?” How does it differ from the Divine Command Theory? What criticisms can be raised about this perspective? 

4. Briefly describe “cultural relativism.” What does cultural relativism imply about the moral status of social reformers? What does cultural relativism imply about the idea of moral progress? 

5. When cultural relativists say that every culture should embrace a policy of tolerance, are they contradicting themselves? If so, how? If cultural relativism were true, would this make conflict between societies, wars in particular, less or more likely? Explain your answer.